Aronsvöndur vex oft þar, sem samkeppni er lítil. Ljósm. ÁHB.
Aronsvendir – Erysimum
Aronsvendir, Erysimum L., tilheyra krossblómaætt (Brassicaceae, syn. Crusiferae); einærar til fjölærar jurtir; sumar eru þó trénaðar neðst. Hærðar plöntur, oft með tví-, þrí- eða margkvísluðum hárum. Stöngull er uppréttur eða stofnsveigður, stinnur, greindur, ýmist efst eða neðst, eða ógreindur, með fá eða mörg blöð. Blöð eru stakstæð, lensulaga, heilrend, bugtennt eða tennt, neðri blöð á stuttum stilk; engin stofnhvirfing.
Blómskipun er klasi. Krónublöð gul og fjögur að tölu. Fræni grunnt klofið. Skálpleggir uppréttir, uppsveigðir eða útstæðir, álíka langir og bikarblöð eða helmingi lengri. Skálpar aflangir, miklu lengri en þeir eru breiðir, ferstrendir.
Ættkvíslarnafnið Erysimum er dregið af gríska orðinu ‘eryomai’, hjálpa. Það er til komið af því, að sumar tegundir voru notaðar við sjúkdómum, þó að þær séu flestar eitraðar.
Samnefni:
Cheiranthus Linnaeus
Cheirinia Link
Cuspidaria (de Candolle) Besser
Syrenia Andrzejowski ex Besser
Um 150-200 tegundir teljast til kvíslarinnar, ein tegund er talin hér innlend, aronsvöndur, fáeinar eru í ræktun og tvær tegundir hafa fundizt sem slæðingar.
Í eftirfarandi greiningarlykli er aðeins greint á milli þriggja tegunda, hinnar íslenzku og tveggja sjaldgæfra slæðinga. Sameiginlegt þessum þremur tegundum er, að krónublöð eru styttri en 10 mm; á öðrum tegundum kvíslarinnar, sem eru ræktaðar í görðum, eru krónublöð lengri en 20 mm.
Greiningarlykill að íslenzkri tegund og tveimur slæðingum:
1. Skálpar uppréttir og liggja upp með stöngli …. aronsvöndur (Erysimum strictum)
1. Skálpar uppsveigðir eða útstæðir …………. 2
2. Skálpar 2-5 cm á lengd. Ein- eða tvíær ……. Erysimum cheiranthoides (akurgyllir)
2. Skálpar 6-8 cm á lengd. Einær …………… Erysimum repandum (hafnagyllir)
Aronsvöndur eða mývatnsdrottning. Blómskipun er klasi, sem lengist jafnan við þroskun. Ljósm. ÁHB.
Aronsvöndur – Erysimum strictum
Aronsvöndur – Erysimum strictum P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. – er tvíær. Stöngull er uppréttur, oftast ógreindur, aðhærður og blöðóttur. Neðstu blöðin eru stilkuð og spaðalaga, blaðgrunnur fleyglaga; hin efri aflöng eða lensulaga. Þau eru stjarnhærð og gisbugtennt eða heilrend.
Blómin eru í stuttum klasa, sem lengist mjög við þroskun. Krónublöðin eru fagurgul, um 8 mm á lengd og miklu lengri en bikarblöðin. Skálpar uppréttir eða uppsveigðir, 6-8 sinnum lengri en leggirnir.
Vex í klettum, giljum og blómlendi, einkum á norðanverðu landinu og hér og hvar annars staðar um landið. Mjög algengur við Mývatn eins og nafnið Mývatnsdrottning bendir til. Blómgast í júlí. Getur orðið yfir 1 m á hæð.
Ættkvíslarnafnið strictum er komið af latínu ‘strictus’, stinnur, beinn.
Plantan er öll eitruð og þá einkum fræin. Eituráhrifin lýsa sér sem ógleði og magaverkir. Ef verulegt magn hefur verið innbyrt getur hjartsláttur orðið óreglulegur. Þá er gott að drekka vatn í ríkum mæli.
Samnefni:
Erysimum hieraciifolium L.
Erysimum virgatum auct.
Nöfn á erlendum málum:
Enska: wormseed mustard, tall wormseed wallflower
Danska: Rank Hjørneklap
Norska: berggull, hjørneklapp
Sænska: bergkårel, berggyllen
Finnska: rantaukonnauris
Þýzka: Steifer Schöterich
Franska: vélar droit
Hafnagyllir – Erysimum repandum
Hafnagyllir – Erysimum repandum L. – er einær. Stöngull er uppréttur, ógreindur eða greindur neðst, gráloðinn. Stofnblöð, sem visna oft við fræþroska, líkjast stöngulblöðum. Efstu stöngulblöð stilklaus, neðri blöð á 0,3-2 cm stilk, blaðka striklaga, lensulaga til sporbaugótt, 2-8 x 5-12 cm, mjókka jafnt niður; blaðrönd bugðótt eða gróftennt til smátennt, jafnvel heilrend.
Blómklasi, með 15-30 blómum, lengist töluvert við þroskun og getur orðið um 30 cm á lengd. Blómleggir eru álíka langir og bikarblöð. Bikarblöð striklaga til aflöng, 4-6 mm á lengd; krónublöð gul, mjó-öfuglensulaga til spaðalaga, 6-8 x 1,5-2 mm, nögl 3-6 mm. Skálpar útstæðir, 3-9 cm x 1,5-2 mm, margfalt lengri en skálpleggir og litlu gildari.
Mjög sjaldgæfur slæðingur, sem fannst einu sinni á Sauðárkróki. Tegundin vex einkum í kringum Svartahaf og hefur sennilega slæðzt með korni norður um Evrópu. Er einnig algengur slæðingur í Ástralíu og Norður- og Suður-Ameríku. Getur orðið um hálfur metri á hæð og vex á þurrum og sólríkum stað.
Plantan er öll eitruð, en hefur þó verið notuð til lækninga, einkum á Spáni.
Viðurnafnið repandum merkir ‘lítið eitt bylgjóttur jaðar’.
Samnefni:
Cheirinia repanda (Linnaeus) Link
Erysimum ramosissimum Crantz
Nöfn á erlendum málum:
Enska: spreading wallflower, bushy wallflower, treacle mustard
Danska: Ægte stormhat, Orientalsk pileurt
Norska: kverngull
Sænska: rysskårel
Finnska: idänukonnauris
Þýzka: Sparrige Schöterich, Spreiz-Schöterich
Franska: vélar étalé
Akurgyllir – Erysimum cheiranthoides
Akurgyllir – Erysimum cheiranthoides L. – er ein- eða tvíær, hávaxin jurt. Stöngull er stinnur og uppréttur, oftast greinóttur með fá stöngulblöð, stjarnhærður. Stofnblöð, sem visna oft við fræþroska, líkjast stöngulblöðum. Efstu stöngulblöð á stuttum stilk eða stilklaus, lensulaga, striklaga eða sporbaugótt, 2-7 cm x 5-12 mm; blaðrönd heilrend eða smátennt, sjaldan bugðótt til tennt.
Blómklasi lengist talsvert við þroskun. Blómleggir eru 2 eða 3 sinnum lengri en bikarblöð. Bikarblöð aflöng, 1,8-2 mm á lengd; krónublöð gul, mjó-spaðalaga, 3-5,5 x 1,5-2 mm, nögl 1,5-3,5 mm. Skálpar uppréttir eða uppsveigðir, 1,5-2,5 cm x 1-1,3 mm, um tvöfalt lengri en skálpleggir.
Fannst sem slæðingur á nokkrum stöðum um miðbik síðustu aldar. Tegundin er upprunnin í Mið-Evrópu og norðanverðri Asíu. Getur orðið um 60 cm á hæð og blómgast nær allt sumarið. Hefur slæðzt vítt um heim.
Plantan er öll eitruð.
Viðurnafnið cheiranthoides er dregið af Cheiranthus (úr arabísku ‘kairi’, gull, og úr grísku ‘anthos’, blóm) og -oides, líkur; og merkir því sá, sem líkist Cheiranthus.
Samnefni:
Cheiranthus cheiranthoides (Linnaeus) A. Heller
Cheirinia cheiranthoides (Linnaeus) Link
Cheiranthus cheiranthoides (L.) A.Heller
Cheiranthus turritoides Lam.
Nöfn á erlendum málum:
Enska: wormseed mustard, treacle-mustard
Danska: Gyldenlak-Hjørneklap
Norska: åkergull
Sænska: åkerkårel, åkergyllen; vanlig åkerkårel (ssp. cheiranthoides), storkårel (ssp. altum)
Finnska: peltoukonnauris
Þýzka: Acker-Schöterich
Franska: vélar fausse-giroflée
ÁHB / 24. október 2015
Leitarorð: akurgyllir • aronsvöndur • eitur • Erysimum • Erysimum strictum • hafnagyllir • hieraciifolium • Krossblómaætt • mývatnsdrottning • repandum • strictum
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