Eldgos á liðnum öldum
BÆKUR – Náttúrufræðirit
Rit um jarðelda á Íslandi
Markús Loptsson safnaði og ritaði.
Útgef. Halla Kjartansdóttir í Þorlákshöfn. 1999. – Ritdómur, Morgunblaðið 23. nóvember 1999:6B.
BÓNDINN og fræðimaðurinn Markús Loptsson (1828-1906) í Hjörleifshöfða í Hvammshreppi tók saman ofannefnt rit og gaf það út 1880. Ekki er mér kunnugt um fleiri rit eftir hann og má sennilegt telja, að hvatinn að útgáfunni hafi fyrst og fremst verið áhugi hans á jarðfræði. Í þá daga voru aðstæður allar aðrar og fróðleik þennan allan hefur Markús tínt saman úr ýmsum áttum. Þetta hefur hann gert í góðri trú til þess að fá yfirlit yfir alla jarðelda á Íslandi til að reyna að gera sér grein fyrir þeim skaða, sem þeir hafa valdið.
Fyrst telur Markús upp helztu eldfjöll hér á landi og síðan greinir hann frá einstökum gosum og usla af þeirra völdum. Er þar bæði van- og oftalið; til dæmis er Torfajökull nefndur en ekki getið um Dyngjufjöll og Sveinagjá (gos 1875). Oft er tekið orðrétt upp úr ritum annarra, meðal annars eftir Jón Steingrímsson og Svein Pálsson, og sennilega studdist hann við annála. Þá hefur hann reitt sig um of á rit Halldórs Jakobssonar sýslumanns, sem kom út í Kaupmannahöfn 1757 og heitir því langa nafni Fuldstændige Efterretninger om de udi Island ildsprudende Bierge, deres Beliggende og de Virkninger, som ved Jord-Brandene paa adskillige Tider ere foraarsagede, og er fyrsta eldgosasaga íslenzk, sem var skrifuð. Lengi var til þeirrar bókar vitnað, en hún þótti sérdeilis léleg og margt missagt í henni.
Á dögum Markúsar Loptssonar var mun minna vitað um eldgosasögu landsins en nú. Það er því augljóst, að rit hans er langt því frá að vera haldgóð heimild. Í annan stað hafa slæðzt allmargar villur bæði hvað varðar örnefni og ártöl. Ýmiss misskilningur annar hefur lætt sér inn í ritsmíð hans. Sem dæmi má nefna, að Markús getur um eldgos árið 1587 á Þingvallaskaga. Þetta sama ár kviknaði í Þingvallaskógi og brann allstórt svæði, en eldgos var þar ekkert. Sennilega myndu flestir jarðfræðingar kjósa fremur að taka saman nýjan eldgosaannál en leiðrétta allar missagnir í ritinu. Bókin er að nýju gefin út ljósprentuð án allra skýringa eða tilrauna til að leiðrétta augljósustu villur. Þrátt fyrir að fræðilegt gildi verksins sé í rýrara lagi, er engu að síður býsna fróðlegt að lesa frásagnir þessar og kynnast viðhorfi manna til eldgosa á þessum tíma. Má hver sem vill trúa því, að bærinn Holt hafi flogið í loft upp og komið brotinn niður á öðrum stað í miklum jarðskjálfta 1338.
Hinu má þó ekki gleyma, og það er aðalatriði þessa máls, að rit Markúsar Loptssonar er prýðilegt dæmi um þá fróðleiksfýsn, sem bjó með alþýðu þessa lands, þrátt fyrir kröpp kjör og illan aðbúnað, sem megnaði ekki að banna fólki iðkun mennta og lista. Niðji Markúsar, Halla Kjartansdóttir, gefur bókina út á sinn kostnað og vill sýnilega með því halda á lofti minningu hans sem fulltrúa hinnar sönnu alþýðumenningar. Er það þekkileg ræktarsemi, enda er útgáfan hin snyrtilegasta.
Leitarorð: bók • náttúrufræðirit • ritdómur
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