Bakteríur stjórna hegðun okkar

Skrifað um August 26, 2014 · in Almennt · 150 Comments


  1. Í tímaritinu BioEssays birtist forvitnileg grein um svengd manna. Þar er því haldið fram, að bakteríur, sem lifa í meltingarfærum stjórni á vissan hátt, hvað það er, sem við borðum. Það eru fræðimenn við marga bandaríska háskóla, sem hafa tekið þátt í þessari rannsókn.Í meltingarvegi lifa bakteríur, sem samtals vega um 1,5 kg og frumufjöldi þeirra er um 10 sinnum meiri en líkamsfrumurnar. Þarfir… þessara baktería eru ærið misjafnar og ákveðið hlutfall ríkir á milli þeirra, að vísu nokkuð breytilegt eftir einstaklingum.

    Nú er svo talið, að bakteríurnar geti á einhvern hátt sent frá sér boð, sem hafa áhrif á matarlystina. Þessi boð eru í formi efnasambanda, sem áreita taugakerfið. Sennilegast er, að efnin hafi áhrif á skreyjutaug (vagus-taug), sem sér fyrir líffærum bæði í brjóstholi og kviðarholi og tilheyrir ósjálfráða taugarkerfinu (sjálfvirkum taugabrautum). Taugin tengir milljónir taugafrumna við heila.

    Með því a áreita skreyjutaug geta bakteríurnar valdið hungurtilfinningu eða þrá eftir vissum fæðuefnum og haft áhrif á hegðun manna í því efni. Meðal annars fá vissar sykursæknar bakteríur okkur til þess að innbyrða meiri sætindi en þörf er á.

    En menn standa ekki alveg varnarlausir. Neiti menn sér um þá fæðu, sem líkaminn kallar á, fækkar þeirri tegund baktería og aðrar ná undirtökunum. Þar með breytist löngun manna í önnur næringarefni.

    Þetta er gott að vita og látum ekki heilalausar lífverur stjórna áti okkar.

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