Við ljóstillífun myndast lífræn efni.
Við ljóstillífun binda grænar plöntur kol-dí-oxíð (CO2) í andrúmslofti og framleiða sykur (kolhydrat, kolvetni). Úr þessum sykri eru öll önnur lífræn efni hér á jörðu búin til. Við framleiðslu á þessum orkugæfu efnum losnar súrefni sem auka-afurð út í andrúmsloftið.
Ljóstillífun fer aðallega fram í grænkornum æðaplantna, mosa og þörunga. Talið er, að 99% lífræns efnis myndist í þessum plöntum. Að auki tillífa blágerlar í ljósi og margar bakteríur geta myndað orkugæf efni við efnatillífun.
Ljóstillífun er flókið ferli, sem fer fram í tveimur óháðum áföngum. Í fyrra ferlinu, ljósferli, örvast rafeindir í blaðgrænu og leiða til myndunar á ATP og NADPH, sem er nokkurs konar púður (eða aflvaki) í seinna ferlinu. Vetnið (H) sem hér binzt, losnar úr vatni (n·H2O) og lausbeislað súrefnið (O2) streymir út í loftið. Þetta ferli er háð sólarljósinu og fer aðeins fram í birtu. Þegar plantan býr yfir nægu púðri (ATP og NADPH), hefst seinna ferlið, myrkurferli eða kolefnisbinding. Myrkurferlið heitir svo, því að það getur farið fram í myrkri (ljós-óháð), þó að það gerist sjaldan. Þetta ferli er fólgið í því, að plantan tekur inn kol-dí-oxíð úr andrúmslofti, tengir það við efni í plöntunni og afoxar það síðan. Við afoxunina nýtist orkan úr ATP (ATP → ADP + ℗) og vetnið í NADPH (NADPH →NADP + H). Þá myndast fyrsta sykran (PGA) og úr henni er unnt að mynda öll önnur lífræn efni. (Vissulega er til eilítið annað nýmyndunarferli, sem er ekki rætt um hér.)
Þeir menn, sem áttu mestan þátt í að uppgötva þessi tvö ferli ljóstillífunar, voru bandarískir plöntulífeðlisfræðingar, Daniel I. Arnon (1910-1994) og Melvin E. Calvin (1911-1997). Margir aðrir komu líka við sögu, en þessir tveir hlutu margvíslegar viðurkenningar fyrir skerf sinn til þessara hluta; meðal annars fékk M. E. Calvin nóbels-verðlaun í efnafræði 1961.
Á sínum tíma vöktu uppgötvanir þessara manna á sjötta og sjöunda áratug síðustu aldar mikla athygli langt út fyrir raðir fræðimanna. Í heims-pressunni birtust flennistórar fyrirsagnir þess efnis, að „fæðuframboð í heiminum er leyst“, „enginn matarskortur framundan“ og fleira í þessum dúr. Þegar höfundur þessa pistils sat í landsprófi veturinn 1961/62, taldi náttúrufræðikennarinn, sómamaður í hvívetna, að brátt yrðu smíðuð tæki, sem hengu utan á húsveggjum og framleiddu sykur.
Allt fram á þennan dag hafa fræðimenn talið smíði slíks tækis hreinan hugarburð. Fyrir um áratug var því haldið fram, að hönnun þvílíks áhalds væri enn fjarstæðukenndari í ljósi nýrrar þekkingar þá en um miðbik síðustu aldar.
Nú hafa hins vegar þær fréttir borizt, að vísindamenn í Bandaríkjunum, Þýzkalandi og Svíþjóð hafa tekið höndum saman um að hanna og búa til tæki, gervi-laufblað (artificial leaf, konstgjod blad), sem líkir að sumu leyti eftir ljósferli tillífunar í laufblöðum, og nýtir sér orku, sem í sólarljósi er falin. Tilraunir þessa efnis eru skammt á veg komnar en eftir nýjustu fréttum lofa þær góðu. Það skal þó tekið fram, að það er langt í að málið sé í höfn.
Sjá meðal annars:
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6056/643.abstract
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6056/645.abstract
http://sfc.mit.edu/project4.htm
Leitarorð: artificial leaf • gervi-laufblöð • gervilaufblað • ljósferli • ljóstillífun • myrkurferli
I have read so many posts about the blogger lovers however this post is really a good piece of writing, keep it up
aralen wiki [url=https://aralen.shop/#]where to buy cheap aralen [/url] what is aralen 200 mg for where is thw cheepesr place to buy aralen
bp 20 nolvadex tamoxifen pills where can i order nolvadex in florida where to buy nolvadex serm
best viagra [url=https://canadaviagra.com/#]viagra sales online usa [/url] effect of viagra on men cialis what is
amoxicillin constipation amoxicillin pneumonia amoxil elixir for dental infection amoxicillin 875 125mg
doxycycline hyclate cost [url=http://doxycyclineus.com/#]rx doxycycline 100mg [/url] can doxycycline cause a yeast infection what is doxycycline hyclate used for?
weight loss naltrexone [url=http://reviaus.com/#]naltrexone price uk [/url] how long does naltrexone side effects last where can i buy naltrexone
online cialis reviews what drugs should not be taken with viagra? when does cialis start working how to make natural viagra with immediate effect!
amoxil uses [url=https://amoxilus.com/#]amoxicillin 500 [/url] amoxicillin chlamydia how much amoxil 875 to take
plaquenil exam plaquenil insomnia can plaquenil cause hearing loss how plaquenil affects cortisol
doxycycline mono 100mg [url=https://doxycyclineus.com/#]buy doxycycline hyclate 100mg without a rx [/url] doxycycline mono for sinus infection what is doxycycline monohydrate 100mg used to treat?
staxyn vs levitra sildenafil vs cialis is buying viagra online safe when should i take cialis for best results
38, 35, Studyexpo Yurtdışı Eğitim Fuarı, Yurtdışı Eğitim Fuarı Ankara,
Eylül Fuar Organizasyon Sergi ve Panayır Tanıtım Tic.
I just couldn’t depart your web site before suggesting that I really enjoyed the standard information a person provide for your visitors? Is going to be back often to check up on new posts
Maşa Ve Mişa ️ ziyaretçilerimize birçok ️ Maşa Ve Mişa Sikiş porno
video sunmaktayız, Maşa Ve Mişa Full hd Porno videoları
Hd Porn Video Izle.
Herşey rus genç porno videolar ücretsizdir ve sinir bozucu reklamlar içermez.
Sitemizde kalmaktan keyif alacağınızdan emin olmak için elimizden gelenin en iyisini yapıyoruz.
Bu rusça gençlik bölümünü daha da iyi hale getirmemize yardım etmek istiyorsanız, oylama düğmelerini ve yorumları kullanarak
diğer sapkın beyinlerin.
385 turk sesli premium videos on türk kızını çatır çatır
sikiyorlar. 1.6M 12min 480p. Komsu Karisini Arkali unlu
sikiyorum sesli frmxd com. 1.8M 6min 360p. Türk student.
1.3M 2min 360p. See more. Karim melek ile guzel bir gece.
En iyi gizli sikiş parkta video sikiş videoları karayilan ile, kaliteli sikiş videoları gizli cekim yaparak liseli
kizin kizligini bozuyor.
ledger live click here. its ledger live.
Dicyclomine relaxes muscle spasms by a direct effect on smooth muscle and also
indirectly by blocking the actions of acetylcholine, a
neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine has muscle-activating effects.
Dicyclomine belongs to the class of drugs known as anticholinergics.
It may also be called an antispasmodic. 2.
Gada 4. apr. The drug has no psychotropic side effects and it is effective only for males.
Compared to other medicine used for prolonged and painful.
Türk dedeler fena sikişiyor porno vıdeolarını ücretsiz izle.
türk dedeler fena sikişiyor sikiş filmleri oYoH ile
izlenir, kesintisiz seks merkezi. KATEGORİLER VIDEO ARA.
Türk Dedeler Fena Sikişiyor porno izle. 14:
29. Tamed Teens Good girl 18 year old fena sikişiyor of a lifetime.
Ben de gülerek. Seksi genç garson dedeler.
I do accept as true with all of the ideas you have offered for your post. They’re really convincing and will certainly work. Still, the posts are too quick for newbies. May just you please prolong them a little from next time? Thank you for the post.
Hello this is kinda of off topic but I was wondering if blogs use WYSIWYG editors or if you have to manually code with HTML. I’m starting a blog soon but have no coding experience so I wanted to get advice from someone with experience. Any help would be enormously appreciated!
canadian pharmacy drugstore highest discount on medicines online
You completed a number of fine points there. I did a search on the issue and found the majority of people will agree with your blog.
I admire your work, regards for all the good content.
you’ve got an excellent weblog right here! would you like to make some invite posts on my weblog?
Lovely just what I was searching for.Thanks to the author for taking his clock time on this one.
Excellent read, I just passed this onto a colleague who was doing some research on that. And he just bought me lunch because I found it for him smile Therefore let me rephrase that: Thanks for lunch! “Curiosity will conquer fear even more than bravery will.” by James Stephens.
It’s best to participate in a contest for one of the best blogs on the web. I will recommend this site!
Good day very nice blog!! Man .. Excellent .. Amazing .. I will bookmark your site and take the feeds also…I am glad to find so many useful info here in the put up, we’d like develop extra techniques in this regard, thank you for sharing.
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to make your point. You obviously know what youre talking about, why waste your intelligence on just posting videos to your blog when you could be giving us something informative to read?
Outstanding post however , I was wanting to know if you could write a litte more on this subject? I’d be very grateful if you could elaborate a little bit more. Thank you!
Some genuinely nice stuff on this internet site, I like it.
Neyla K 1.7M 100% 2min 1080p Rocco Siffredi meets up
latvian babe Mina starts fingering her ass to makes it
wet and in return she licks Rocco that,she rides his big cock and
she then throats his big cock y,Rocco fucks her tight ass so
deep and hard.
Seks yengesini siken adam pornosu izle turkce dublaj 70 yasin da dede sikis acilir porno porno seks
vk turbanli tecavuz porno izle kiz 18 pornlar izle tecavüz filimler allt yazili tecavuz filmleri.
Long-Term Effects. Definitive journal of drugs and therapeutics.
[url=https://viagrapillsild.com/#]sildenafil 100mg online canada[/url]
safe and effective drugs are available. Best and news about drug.
I really treasure your work, Great post.
Respect to author, some fantastic information .
Wohh just what I was looking for, thankyou for putting up.
Hi! Someone in my Myspace group shared this website with us so I came to look it over. I’m definitely loving the information. I’m book-marking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Wonderful blog and superb design.
Hi there! I just wanted to ask if you ever have any trouble with hackers? My last blog (wordpress) was hacked and I ended up losing several weeks of hard work due to no back up. Do you have any solutions to stop hackers?
Hey there, You have done an excellent job. I will definitely digg it and personally suggest to my friends. I’m confident they’ll be benefited from this website.
Pretty nice post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wished to say that I’ve really enjoyed surfing around your blog posts. In any case I will be subscribing to your feed and I hope you write again very soon!
I love it when people come together and share opinions, great blog, keep it up.
Pretty! This was an incredibly wonderful article.
Thank you for providing this information.
Right here is the perfect website for everyone who wants to find out about this topic.
You realize so much its almost hard to argue with you (not that I actually will need to…HaHa).
You certainly put a new spin on a subject which
has been written about for ages. Excellent stuff, just wonderful!