Frá örófi alda hefur safi úr ópíumvalmúa (Papaver somniferum) verið notaður í ýmis deyfilyf og einnig sem fíkniefni. Þessi efni eru ópíum og önnur ópíöt eins og morfín, kódein, metadón og petidín.
Í allmörg ár hefur verið unnið að því að raðgreina öll gen, sem koma við sögu í lífefnahvörfum, sem eiga sér stað í plöntunni við safamyndun.
Að sögn prófessors í sameinda-erfðafræði við York háskólann í Bretlandi, Ian Graham að nafni, hefur loks tekizt að greina síðustu genin, sem eru nauðsynleg við þessa framleiðslu. Þess er því skammt að bíða, að öllum genum úr ópíumvallmúa verði komið fyrir í venjulegum gerli, sem er notaður við bakstur á brauði.
Þeir, sem standa að þessum rannsóknum, vænta þess, að unnt verði að framleiða fleiri gerðir af verkjastillandi lyfjum, þau verði miklu ódýrari, áhrifameiri og fólk verði ekki eins háð þeim og áður.
Það þykir nokkuð víst, að gerillinn muni dreifast víða meðal manna. Það er mjög auðvelt að rækta hann. Ekki þarf annað en venjulegt plastílát, vatn og sykur. Nú þegar liggja fyrir nauðsynlegar erfða-upplýsingar til þess, að sá, sem hefur kunnáttu í sameinda-erfðafræði, getur þegar hafið framleiðslu á morfíni.
Þegar Ian Graham var spurður að því, hvort það væri ekki ábyrgðarhluti að greina frá þessum erfða-upplýsingum, svaraði hann því til, að einhverjir aðrir myndu örugglega gera það, ef þeir létu það vera. Það verður ekki hjá því komizt, að þessar upplýsingar verði öllum tiltækar.
Pistillinn byggist á grein í júlíhefti tímaritsins Science.
ÁHB / 4. ágúst 2015
Leitarorð: k+pdein • metadón • morfín • ópíöt • ópíum • ópíumvalmúi • papaver somniferum • petidín • sameindaerfðafræði
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