Þéttstæð, útstæð og löng efstu blöð ásamt dreifðum litlum blöðum neðar er gott einkenni á Leptobryum pyriforme. Ljósm. ÁHB
Einn er sá mosi, sem lætur lítið yfir sér, en vex þó mjög víða á rökum, oft lítt grónum stöðum, þar sem hann lendir ekki í samkeppni við aðra mosa, eins og í klettum, sjávarbökkum, áreyrum, skurðbökkum, þúfum, við heitar uppsprettur og hvers konar ruðninga. Þá er hann líka algengur í blómapottum og gróðurhúsum, þar sem hann myndar ljósgrænar eða gulgrænar glansandi breiður, og þar hafa sjálfsagt margir orðið varir við hann. Oft ber hann glansandi bauka, gróhirzlur, á mjóum, 1-4 cm háum stilk. Þetta er nálmosi – Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wils.
Blöð á Leptobryum og gróhirzla. Teikn. ÁHB.
Mosaplönturnar eru allt að 2 cm á hæð og vaxa stakar, í breiðum eða litlum bólstrum. Neðri blöð eru dreifð og rétt innan við 1 mm á lengd en efstu blöð eru þéttstæð og allt að 5 mm á lengd. Blöð eru lensulaga með breitt rif, sem fyllir út rúman þriðjung við grunn. Frumur í blaði eru striklaga og framarlega er blaðið tvö frumulög á þykkt. Miðjufrumur stórar. Í blaðöxlum eru stutt, rauð eða rauðbrún axlarhár.
Á rætlingum, sem eru rauðir eða brúnir, eru oftast egglaga, fjölfruma æxlikúlur á stuttum legg. Þær geta líka myndast í blaðöxlum. Kúlur þessar stuðla mjög að dreifingu tegundarinnar. Þær eru vart sýnilegar berum augum en við litla stækkun er auðvelt að greina þær.
Tegundin er ýmist ein- eða tvíkynja og gróhirzlur eru algengar. Þær eru perulaga með langan og mjóan háls, sem verður hrukkóttur á þurrum hirzlum. Þær eru í fyrstu grænar eða gulgrænar, síðan gulbrúnar og brúnar og glansa mjög, og standa láréttar út frá stilk. Gró eru um 16 μm að þvermáli, fínvörtótt.
Myndin sýnir rauðleitar æxlikúlur á rætlingum. Mynd. ÁHB.
Nálmosi líkist ýmsum Bryum tegundum, þó er enginn með jafn glansandi bauka (gróhirzlur) og hann. Að auki eru Bryum spp. með breiðari blöð og fremur stuttar frumur í blöðum. Sé nálmosi ekki með bauka er auðvelt að ruglast á honum og nokkrum tegundum í ættkvíslunum Dicranella og Ditrichum. Öruggasta einkennið við að ákvarða nálmosa er að skoða blöðin og helzt í þverskurði til þess að sjá þykkt rifið og blöðku, sem er tvö frumulög á þykkt. Þá eru rauð axlarhár gott einkenni.
Nálmosi var fyrrum talinn til hnokkmosaættar (Bryaceae), en tilheyrir nú snoppumosaætt (Messiaceae) ásamt ættkvíslunum Amblyodon, Meesia og Paludella. Í ritröðinni Íslenskir mosar eftir Bergþór Jóhannsson (Fjölrit Náttúrufræðistofnunar) er honum lýst undir hnokkmosaætt (hefti n:r 27, 1995, bls. 10) , en í ættarskrá síðasta heftis (n:r 44, 2003) er hann talinn til snoppumosaættar; hvergi í heftunum hef eg fundið frá þessu sagt. Í lýsingu á tegundinni er hvorki sagt frá tvöfaldri þykkt blaðsins né rauðu axlarhárum, sem eru mikilvæg einkenni.
Sjá má margar góðar myndir af Leptobryum pyriforme á vefsíðum þessum:
http://www.bbsfieldguide.org.uk/sites/default/files/pdfs/mosses/Leptobryum_pyriforme.pdf
http://www.wnmu.edu/academic/nspages/gilaflora/leptobryum_pyriforme.html
Leptobryum pyriforme: Gróhirzla. Ljósm. ÁHB
Aðvörun:
Á þessum stað: http://floraislands.is/mosar.html stendur skírum stöfum orðrétt:
»Eini íslendingurinn sem lagt hefur stund á mosaflóru Íslands af nokkurri alvöru, er Bergþór Jóhannsson.«
Menn eru því beðnir um að trúa því mátulega, sem greint er frá á vefslóð þessari.
ÁHB /26.1. 2013
Leitarorð: axlarhár • hnokkmosaætt • Leptobryum pyriforme • nálmosi • snoppumosaætt
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